From the alveolar slopes, tidal volume, and airway dead-space volume, mean expired alveolar PO2 and PCO2 (PAO2, PACO2) were calculated. The alveolar slopes with respect to time (dPACO2, dPAO2, Torr/s) increased in relation to CO2 output (VCO2, 1/min, STPD) and O2 intake (VO2, 1/min, STPD) but were reduced by increasing tidal volume (VT, liters, BTPS): dPACO2 = 2.7 + 4.6(VCO2) - 1.9(VT) (r = 0.97) and dPAO2 = 2.3 + 5.5(VO2) - 1.9(VT) (r = 0.96). Changes were expressed in relation to expired volume (liters) and time (s) and separated into an initial dead-space component using the Fowler method applied to expired CO2 and O2, and alveolar slope. Changes in expired alveolar O2 and CO2 were measured breath-by-breath in six healthy male subjects (mean age 30 yr, mean weight 80 kg) at rest, 600 kpm/min, and 1,200 kpm/min.
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